Have you not considered the assembly of the Children of Israel after [the time of] Moses when they said to a prophet of theirs, "Send to us a king, and we will fight in the way of Allah "? He said, "Would you perhaps refrain from fighting if fighting was prescribed for you?" They said, "And why should we not fight in the cause of Allah when we have been driven out from our homes and from our children?" But when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, except for a few of them. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers.
اردو — مودودی
پھر تم نے اُس معاملے پر بھی غور کیا، جو موسیٰؑ کے بعد سرداران بنی اسرائیل کو پیش آیا تھا؟ اُنہوں نے اپنے نبی سے کہا: ہمارے لیے ایک بادشاہ مقرر کر دو تاکہ ہم اللہ کی راہ میں جنگ کریں نبی نے پوچھا: کہیں ایسا تو نہ ہوگا کہ تم کو لڑائی کا حکم دیا جائے اور پھر تم نہ لڑو وہ کہنے لگے : بھلا یہ کیسے ہو سکتا ہے کہ ہم راہ خدا میں نہ لڑیں، جبکہ ہمیں اپنے گھروں سے نکال دیا گیا ہے اور ہمارے بال بچے ہم سے جدا کر دیے گئے ہیں مگر جب ان کو جنگ کا حکم دیا گیا، تو ایک قلیل تعداد کے سوا وہ سب پیٹھ موڑ گئے، اور اللہ ان میں سے ایک ایک ظالم کو جانتا ہے
Bahasa Indonesia — Kemenag
Apakah kamu tidak memperhatikan pemuka-pemuka Bani Israil sesudah Nabi Musa, yaitu ketika mereka berkata kepada seorang Nabi mereka: "Angkatlah untuk kami seorang raja supaya kami berperang (di bawah pimpinannya) di jalan Allah". Nabi mereka menjawab: "Mungkin sekali jika kamu nanti diwajibkan berperang, kamu tidak akan berperang". Mereka menjawab: "Mengapa kami tidak mau berperang di jalan Allah, padahal sesungguhnya kami telah diusir dari anak-anak kami?". Maka tatkala perang itu diwajibkan atas mereka, merekapun berpaling, kecuali beberapa saja di antara mereka. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui siapa orang-orang yang zalim.
Ibn Kathir
The Story of the Jews Who sought a King to be appointed over Them
Mujahid said that the Prophet (mentioned in the Ayah 2:246 above) is Shamwil (Samuel). Wahb bin Munabbih said: The Children of Israel remained on the straight path for a period of time after Moses. They then innovated in the religion and some of them even worshipped the idols. Yet, there were always Prophets sent among them who would command them to work righteous deeds, refrain from doing evil and who would rule them according to the commands of the Torah. When they (Israelites) committed the evil that they committed, Allah caused their enemies to overwhelm them, and many fatalities fell among them as a consequence. Their enemies also captured a great number of them, and took over large areas of their land. Earlier, anyone who would fight the Israelites would lose, because they had the Torah and the Tabut, which they inherited generation after generation ever since the time of Moses, who spoke to Allah directly. Yet, the Israelites kept indulging in misguidance until some king took the Tabut from them during a battle. That king also took possession of the Torah, and only a few of the Israelites who memorized it remained. The prophethood halted among their various tribes and only a pregnant woman remained of the offspring of Lavi (Levi), in whom the prophethood still appeared. Her husband had been killed, so the Israelites kept her in a house so that Allah may give her a boy, who would be their Prophet. The woman also kept invoking Allah to grant her a boy. Allah heard her pleas and gave her a boy whom she called `Shamwil' meaning `Allah has heard my pleas.' Some people said that the boy's name was Sham`un (Simeon), which also has a similar meaning.
As that boy grew, Allah raised him to be a righteous person. When he reached the age of prophethood, Allah revealed to him and commanded him to call (his people) to Him and to His Tawhid (Oneness). Shamwil called the Children of Israel (to Allah) and they asked him to appoint a king over them so that they could fight their enemies under his command. The kingship had also ended among them. Their Prophet said to them, "What if Allah appoints a king over you, would you fulfill your vow to fight under his command"
قَالُواْ وَمَا لَنَآ أَلاَّ نُقَـتِلَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِن دِيَـرِنَا وَأَبْنَآئِنَا
(They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's way while we have been driven out of our homes and our children") meaning, `After our land had been confiscated and our children had been taken from us' Allah said:
فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْاْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِّنْهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمِينَ
(But when fighting was ordered for them, they turned away, all except a few of them. And Allah is All-Aware of the wrongdoers) meaning, only a few of them kept their promise, but the majority abandoned Jihad and Allah has full knowledge of them.
المُيَسَّر
ألم تعلم -أيها الرسول- قصة الأشراف والوجهاء من بني إسرائيل من بعد زمان موسى؛ حين طلبوا من نبيهم أن يولي عليهم ملكا، يجتمعون تحت قيادته، ويقاتلون أعداءهم في سبيل الله. قال لهم نبيهم: هل الأمر كما أتوقعه إنْ فُرِض عليكم القتال في سبيل الله أنكم لا تقاتلون؛ فإني أتوقع جبنكم وفراركم من القتال، قالوا مستنكرين توقع نبيهم: وأي مانع يمنعنا عن القتال في سبيل الله، وقد أَخْرَجَنَا عدوُّنا من ديارنا، وأبعدنا عن أولادنا بالقتل والأسر؟ فلما فرض الله عليهم القتال مع الملِك الذي عيَّنه لهم جَبُنوا وفرُّوا عن القتال، إلا قليلا منهم ثبتوا بفضل الله. والله عليم بالظالمين الناكثين عهودهم.